Āyurvedic massage or misnomer? Deciphering a cultural misunderstanding
A recent observation got me thinking and drew my attention to one of the common misconceptions surrounding Āyurveda. With the growing interest and increasing popularity of Āyurveda in the Western world, more and more people are turning to this ancient healing method. This phenomenon is also reflected in the growing number of practices and facilities offering so-called Āyurvedic massages, such as Abhyanga, or other treatments. But this is precisely where a fundamental misunderstanding often arises.
Let's take Abhyanga as an example. Literally translated from Sanskrit, this word does not involve the word ‘massage’ – it is the process of applying or rubbing oil onto the skin. The aim is to thoroughly impregnate the body with medicated oil, which is absorbed through the skin and unfolds its effects than. The method of application depends on the person's state of health and can be gentle or somewhat more firm – this is decided individually by the treating physician. It should be noted that treatments such as Abhyanga are always part of a comprehensive medical process. They serve to gently prepare the body for subsequent detoxification procedures, which are used as needed and according to the individual's condition. In order not to overstrain the body.
It is important to understand that Āyurvedic treatments cannot be compared to muscle kneading or targeted pressure. Rather, they are a holistic approach that focuses on the unity of body, mind and soul.
A look at the etymology of the word ‘massage’ illustrates the differences: the term is derived from the Latin ‘massa’, which means “mass” or ‘dough’. Massage describes the manipulative use of the hands to apply pressure or specific movements to muscles and joints. The term “massage,” or “Āyurvedic massage,” can therefore be misleading. It does not accurately reflect Āyurvedic practice and may generate erroneous expectations, particularly for Āyurvedic centers where treatments follow traditional texts and specific protocols.
Kalaripayattu, the ancient martial art from Kerala, incorporates a practice known as pada aghatha. This term, derived from Sanskrit, can be broken down into "pada" meaning foot, and "aghatha" signifying shock or beat. In this method, the therapist performs a strong massage with his feet while including a work on the marma points—the vital energy centers of the body—it is meant particularly for practitioners of Kalaripayattu. The goal of this technique is to enhance muscle and joint flexibility, aiding the physical agility required for the martial art.
Traditional texts emphasize that such massages are strictly meant for individuals in good health. Administering this treatment to those with underlying health conditions could exacerbate their ailments, potentially causing swelling or other adverse effects.
It is essential to emphasise that Āyurveda is neither a spa treatment nor a massage parlour. It is a comprehensive medical system that goes far beyond purely superficial or selective applications.